Deflection or deviation indicator



May' 24, 1932. 1 P. BRQWN 1,860,230

DEFLECTION OR DEVIATION INDICL'LOR4 Filed sept. 20.4 1930 4 Sheets-sheet 1 T i a5 \///////lll Ji? graaf/1f J. P. BROWN 1,860,230

May 24, 1932.

DEFLEGTIONOR DEVIATION INDICATOR Filed Sept. 20, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 May Z4, 1932. l J. PBROWN 1,860,230

DEFLECTION 6R' DEVIATION INDICATOR Filed Sept. 20. 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 May 24, 1932. J, R BROWN 1,860,230

DEFLECTION OR DEVIAIION INDICATOR nFiled Sept. 20, 1930 4 SheetS-Sheeb 4 ,ZL/492775K;

f Brou/ro Patented trag/24,r iesz Joran PoLLocK BROWN-or Vnew MALD-En, .ENGLANU nEFLiicTioN on nnfvmfrion iNDIoAToR Appiicanm ined september ze, 1930, seriai Nd. @accenna in Great Britain october 17, igea.- Y i -Tliis invention i'elates to deflection or deviation indicators and more especially in#` struments' oftliis nature intended for navi'- gationall purposes, and has for its main object to provide an instrument of simple andi d inexpensive structure as compared with Yin-v dicators of known type which operate on' gyros'copic principles.' Y "I Another object ofthe invention isV to proi., vide an indicator comprisingin combination l' a spindle to which rotation is imparted by suitable means, a rotor substantially balancedabout its centre of rotation andmounted-on the spindle with interengaging curved bearing members respectively carried by the spin- 1 FJ die and the `rotor the curvature of the surface of each of these bearing members being such as toV coincidewith the surface of a sphere whose centre'lies on the spindle axis, rota- D tion being transmitted from thespindle to the rotor by friction between the curved bearing surfaces, andmeans whereby slip is caused to Y,

occur between the interengaging bearing surfaces such that'in the event of angular dis# mi placenientof the spindle the rotor will notfbe constrained to'maintain its axis coincident with the spindle axis butthe rotor aXis will be able to oscillate vaboutthe bearing centre. Other objects willbein part obvious from the annexed drawings and inpartindicated j from the following analysis of. the invention, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings illustrating an embodiment of my idea., e

The invention may be carried into practice in various Ways but the accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example structures that may be adopted in practice. In these drawings- Y i Figure l is a sectional elevation ofone toi'in of the improved deflection or deviation indicator. i

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional elevation on the line 2 2 in Figure l looking in the direction of the arrows, the one part of the outer casing and the oiiterpart of the rotor cup bearing being removed.

Figure 3 is a vpart sectional Aplan showing y an alternative construction. 5U"

cator dial.

Figure Gfis a viewlpartly :in sectiloii"fonV an Figure 4 is a side elevation of the construcff tion illustrated in F igure' shinving'the "Figure isi'a partsectional plan similar-toi Figure 3 showing a modiiied form-of the coni lstruction shown in Figure 3f. i i 55,

enlarged Vscale showing two restraining def-1 f vices that may e employed inthe'Vconstfruc-n tion-shown in Figure 5.

l'Figure' `7 is `aviewV similarto Figure' 60 Y showing alternative arrangementsjof ref Y A straimngrdevices' such as 'indicated in -F-ig-v ure; i i 'l i Figure 8 is an end view of the constructionf shown inl Figure'l illustrating one'nietliod 65 of mounting'theapparatus so as to fpe'rmitx'o-f f its adjustment. V f

Figure 9'is a part sectional plan of the api-:1f i A.

paratusand'its mounting shownA in Figure'S; l

VFigure l0 isa ,detailv of the adjustablefjm mounting showiifinv Figures lgfandY 9.7 ,A

Like letters-indicate likep'arts throughout thedra'win'gs. 'Y if i Referring to the vconstruction`- shown i in Figures l an`d12,a spindle A of suchstruc`- 75 ture and dimensions as mayb'e dsirable is rotatably mounted in a'bearing Bof'suitable4 type. The lspindle "carries at one vend af sphere- A1 preferably formed integral with the spindle and constituting a bearing mein- Se ber. The ,rotor C' comprises a discflikemember C1 Awith `ra weighted rimor peripheral part ofsuitable form, the disc being carried j on a hub comprising two separable cup-like parts C2 and, C3 which when they are con-V se. nected together ,form a hollow'spherical Vbearing member which engages the spherical l bearing member A1. The Aclearance between these curved "bearing surfaces is suchas to allow a thin 'film of lubricant to bem'ain- 90 tained between them. The cup-shapedhub4 bearing member C2,- C? is formed so as t0 aleV lowV the rotor freedom to move independently of the spindle Aso that its axis can oscillate .aboutv the centre ofthe spherical bearingvse member-.AliV The rotor carries a series of 'f vanes C* disposed preferably radially and so` that they lie atj right angles to the plane of the rotordisc C1.,V The peripheral portions of thesevanes have a curvedcontour substan-` 100 tially coincidentvvvgith a sphere Whose'centre Y coincides with thefcen'tre of the Vspherical bearinginember A2 'Y l/Tvlhen the spindle A is rotated7 rotationivill be imparted therefrom 5. to the rotor. C through the interengaging sphericalbearing surfaces of the members A1 and CCS." @Wing to theactionnf Vthe air.

on Athe valles C4, a drag or constraint v vill be fexerted on ythe rotor. so that it will rotate at a speed'less than thatv of thespindle.V lf now the spindle A' is angularlydisplaeed-5A owing "tog the slip between the interengaging bear-` ing gineinbers', the rotor Wi'l'lfnotfollovv im@ mediately the angular movement of the spin-L 35 dle but the'rotor axis will be deiiected'aboutY the' centre of ,the bearing;andrelativelyto;"

. i fthe axiso the spindle,'thus enablingy indication to bevobtained ot,tlie--angular'deection or ydeviation: ofthe spindle Jtinaiidftlre bodyfon Vcasingand of the vanesCt are'suoh that'the i' i peripheral portions of the latter lie` adjacent Y tothe inner- Wall otthe casing D, D1; Atene Y f El side the 'casinginember D has? xed therein-Ak Y j I l Y the 'spindle bearing B,. the mounting of this- Y i bearing conveniently beingsuoh :thatopen-Y- ings E are provided covered by gauze or the 'A like Eso asto alloworthe -lovv of'vair intoY the casing?. The end'A yoii Ithe spindle A i pro-Y jects beyond thebearing B'-oiiftheouterfside1 ot fthefeasingvD andv inthe Varrangement illus- Y' trate'dthis end of the spindle carriesa bevel `f pinionlPf-.Whieh engagesf. a bevel ,Wheel-5F 1 y 4 mounted on the end=of a shaft rotatably: ,car-` 'Y riedinyabearing@`2 mountedin: suitable casing ,GfA which vis i fixed inf some convenient f manner, to thezcasingwD vThebev'el Wheel` Y Flean .be driven byfle'xrblesh-atting Yorfother 4 means fromsome convenientsourceof` ypower so--as-to rimpart rotation a at `the vdesired speed to the :spindle A,

Y TheFpart D? ot the VouterV casing which lies j ieniogeiironi tlie'spindle and-itsbearing is Y provided witha tubularor bell-shaped exten,-

sion -Dpartof `Which Y,D3 fis given .a conical formation the apexivof this cone lyingxoii. the

. axis' rof Vthe spindle A y 'and conveniently;l adjgas-' cent yto-the 'centre o the spherical bearing g 5 .memberA3.v The mouth, :ofthe conical ex-y tension;is.close.d vbyjja glass 'plate-,Hfconsti'tutinga Window on'.y which: are locating marks such as rthe crossed; -lines jshown in Figure M' V8.r f .Ingth'e tubular extension Dthereare pref:

y eifably: pnovidedf-openings -Dt' covered .byL Y gauze-vand'tlirough these openings airrcan; flow intoth'e casing.V47 Rigidly inminted on'thef` cup Vmember; C? off the :rotor hub is an: armfJ whinhfeiitends normal-,toi the-'plane othe ro:-

i 555 torrdiscand thus, coincident 'with .the rotor.V

axis. yThe outer portion Ji ,ofV this'aiinis conveniently of va resilient Vstructure vand at Y Y` or near itsend the arm carries a small roller Y J2. If the angularl displacementof the spinl die A is such as toA cause thek rotor axis vto be deflected beyond aV limit determined bythe dimensions Vot the conical .partDSv of thejca'sing extension',l therolle'r EJ? Von the zend of the Y l armd Jlvvill come into conta'ctivith the coni?V cal part D3 vofthe extension and/damage to the -rotorwill be obviated-- The outerzen'd of the arm ,l1-oithe roller J2 thereonl cooperates dectons of' the rotor ,axis fautive i0 um LXiS Oi'ii'hofspindle A.; 'Y l l c The-tivo portions D, D? otthej easngi:are'

provided zy ivith substantially f radialfI-langes D5f,.which can b'e'bolte'cl-togetherl butfvvith dis-V tan'ce pieces D@ interposed soasftofleave open* ings throughgwhich air mayo-vv out i'ron'i-theY leasing. f1 i jwithlthe' AIriarkings 'H1 on the WindoworH (see Y Figure'23)l so as. to give anindicationof the ln order to enable,theotthejiotoii;i and spindle-to be restored. quickly and-wlie1ii n desired to substantial coincidenceafter deflection of Vthe rotor axis 'has occurred,l any ar- ,.ra-ngementsuch as illustrated infFigure. l may. be employed; 11n-taV hole which" extendsv throughout the centre of the spindle A' there V lies 'and can slidefa rodfK.' lThe endifof vthev hole in the-spindlelies inv theivall offthe spheriealbearingmember A1, and the end otL therod K'Which lies Vat 'etliisaend offthe'holeijv is rounded. outerend of the irodKnits 'rounded innerend canybef-pressed into Contact with' the-:inner:

surface ofthe vrotor cupfbearing ,member G2 with the-result that if the rotor axisjhas been-1 Y dellected this. axis will be `fjquicklyf restored. ltosubstantial-coincidence with the axis of the' y spindleA.VV rlh'e rod may be arranged iii By :applying pressure .to the fr variousyvays so as-to Kenablethis pressure 'to be .applied ,as'and' Whe'ndesired. liigthe ar-y rangement showin; the'outerf end of the' rod is* provided with 5a collar 'orf flanged `cap-'K1 and betweenl this collar 'and' the :adjacent fend ofthe spindleA vor some part carried there-j*` ongl's arranged/a coiled vspring Ktlie 'spring thus tending to Withdraiv'the inneren'd ot'V the rod K from contact with the rotor bear# ing member/GS. f3.-

nerside of Which* is 'constituted bya 'rle'xi-ble diaphragm G2,- V carrying" 'centrally .Y a pro]- ecf; tionxCr3 vWhose rounded-end :bears against the l Thefvvall' otthecasingijf AWhich liesfoppositefthe outer'. end 'of the'spindleK [is :forniedrvvith a chainberGl'the inouter endofA the spindle'rl or the lai'iged'cap v iota the end `of this Spindieif-,Apipe IGfLL leaderrfi'oni thechainlfer G1 the-pipe the ohainberf beinglfilledWith-Huid. such'v as air f oroil. ByfineansY of a push buttonY device of, Y

some suitable structure,v ypressure canf-be ap`` plied to the diaphraginG2 in sucha mannerastoforce the rod K inwardly-1 and thereby press yits roundedV endV into contact with the uml rotor cup bearing member C3; As soon-as this pressure is relaxed; the spring K2 'will again withdraw the rod K.

Inplace of the inner end of parts a ball which rests'in the end of the hole n the spindle'A in which lies the rod K; Then when the rod is pushed inwards, pressure will be transmitted to the ball so as to cause'it to bear on the inner member.

VLubrication of thev interengaging curved or not. The lubricant may be 'supplied from. a suitable source at the outer end of thel spindlev A; `the supply being such as to m'ainf tain arcthin hlm vof lubricant between the bearing'surfaces. convenient arrangement is to deliver lubricant into "the casing G whence it can ind its way tothe curved beai'- ing surfaces through the hole in the spindle A, this sourcealso servingto supplylubricant a A Y bearing member AE In the construction .j

to the bearingB of the spindle A: 1 Turning now to the alternative construction `shown in Figures V3 and dftherotor and spindle Yare .here constructed and arranged with respect to theirprincipal features as de-4 scribedand shown in VFigures l and 2. ln thisvcase, however, Athe arm which extends from the rotor does not function directly as a pointer or indicator but through this arin constraint is exercised on VtlieA rotor Vwith respect togoscillations ofthe rotor axis in one plane. *The structure of the casing is some what modified, one part having a sphericall formation as shown in' Figure 3 while op-4 posite this part is -a tubular lmember l)7 'which carries a disc-like plate DS. Suitable air inlet covered by gauze are provided in the neighborhood of the axis of thedriving spindle, and air outlets7 not shown in the drawings, are provided in the part voit the casing which lies around the rotor. The 'platey D8 constitutes an indicator dial being suitably marked Von its outer face which is coi@ ered -by a glass window H2. TAU-shaped framev L is provided with trunnions L1 and L2 which are carried in bearings D9 and D10 disposed respectively in the parti) oit' the casing and about the centre'of the'discDS. The outer end of the rotor arm J is carriedin a Y suitable bearing L3 in the frameL. (ln-the end of the frametrunnionLv2 is iixed an in' oppositely to the indicator hand or pointer L4 and to this arm is connected one end ot coiled spring L6 whoseother-end is attached as at L7 to some point on the dial plate D8. ln

the arrangement illustrated .a quadrantal slot the rodvK being adapted to be brought into Acontact with` the inner surface ofthe rotor bearing` meiny. ber C3, there may be interposed between these surface of the rotor cup D is formedin the `dial plate Dsfandna pin;r

'Lt extends from the end'of the arm L5 through E the slot 4D1? lone end of the spring :L6 being Y connected to this pin L5.' With this arrangef ment the spring Le-can be disposed .out of sight onthe inner side of the ,dial plate D3; A suitably curvedshield D1? is carried'bythe'. bearing D10 and servesas an inner casingtoi enclosethat part of the rotor` which vlies in the tubular portion.A of :the outer casing, The arms of thesWinging'frameL are preferably extended as at L9 beyondthe trunnions L1., L? and Weighted'so as to balancethe`V frame about the trunnion axis.` i i d With this construction, in the event of angular displacement ofthe spindle A5 owing,

to `theprecession ofthev rotor, this trame L is causedto swing through an increased angle about thefaxis ottlie trunnions L1, Lganddthus` to give a, correspondingly magnified indica-` tion of the rate of deflection'otthe rotor byi` means of thepointeij L4-Von the, scale onf the dial plate D8. .The spring Lel will restrainVVV Y the swinging movements'of the frameL.

IIn' the above described construction it willi` beseen that the axis of the-trunnions L1,

L2 passes through the centre of thespherical shownin Figure; 5, lthe-trunnionaxis is dis-f i placed to one side ofthecentre 4but passes Vthrough the axis of the spindle/A, 1 This prol vides an alternative methodof restraining the swinging movementsofthe'frame `Owingto this displacement ofv the trun nion axis, it visnecessary tomodify the connection between the rotor Cy and `thef frarnerL, throughth-e arm J,:the latterbeing here pro-u vided with' apart which can slide telescopi- 'cally in the direction of its aXis. y Oneform 0f;- such an arrangement `which is illustrated in,

Figure isshown on an enlarged scale in Figure, y The outer-end portion of theva'rm" vJ3 and between thiscollarzand the end-of the? main `part J `of the armor a suitably disposed collar lined on the arm lis a coiledspring J6 whichtendsto press-the ball Jf into thebear-` -J is constituted by a pinfJ8 ofysuch length as` Y imgLa. When the :trame Lswings about itsfV i truiinion axis7 the pin J? gc'anslide through" the ball J4 in the bearing L?? in the frame L against the resistance oiered ,by the spring? j Je byIwhich-the ball will be maintained con-a .stantly in engagement with the bearing. This arrangement constitutes one method .of exercising restraint :on the displacementot the rotor.

ln this construction thereniay beeinployed .i H conveniently the device illustrated in Figure 5 f f (ias aiiother`-means for applying-restraint to the swinging movements of the rotor about 130 i jcluding in combination a rotatable spindle,

a rotor substantially balancedabout its centre of rotation, bearing members having interenga'ging curved bearing surfaces respectively carriedbythe' spindle and .the rotor, the curvature of the surface of each of these bearing members .being Vsuch as vto coincide with the surface of a sphere whose centre lies on the spindle axis, rotation being transmitted from the spindle to the rotor by friction between the curved bearing surfaces, andl vanes mounted onthe rotor and serving by reason of fluid action thereon to apply to the rotor a force which will restrain it from rotating at the same speed as the spindle without impeding oscillations`V of the rotor axis which may take place about the bearing centre. w i' l l,

4;. A deflection or deviation indicator including incombination a rotatable spindle,

a rotor substantially balanced about its cen tre of rotation, bearing members having interengaging curved bearing Vsurfaces respectively-carried by the spindlev and the rotor, the curvature of thesurface of each ofrtlleseV bearing members being such Vas Ito coincide' with 'the Vsurface ofa sphere whose centre lies on the spindle axis, rotation being transmitted from the spindle to the rotor by friction l between` the curved `bearing` surfaces, means y,

for causing slip between the engaging bearing surfaces such that in the event of angular displacement of the spindle the rotorwill not be constrained to maintain itsV axis coincident be coincident withthe'rotor axis, and a mark disposed in fixed relationto the spindle axis,l

the movements, of the armin relation to the Amark indicating deflections of the rotor axis about the bearing centre and Arelatively to the spindle axis. l Y Y f i 5. A delectionor deviationV indicator inclu'ding in combination a rotatable spindlea` rotor substantially balanced about its centre of rotation, bearing'inembers having interengaging curved bearing surfaces respectively carried by the spindle and the rotor, the

curvature ofthe surface of each 'of these f bearingmembersbeing such as to coincide with'the surface of a sphere whosepcentre lies on the spindle axis, rotation being transmitted from' the spindle to the rotor by friction between the curved bearing surfaces, means for applying tothe rotor a restraining force which will cause such V,slip to.5occur between the frictionally engaging curved surfacesV that the rotor will rotate at a speedwhich is,

less than thatof the spindle, an armV extending from the rotor so as to be coincident With'the4 rotor axis, and a mark disposed in fixed rela'- Vtionto'the spindle axis, the movements of the Y varm in relation to the mark indicating deflections of the rotor axis about the bearing centre and relatively Vto the spindle axis. i 6. A deflection or deviation indicator includingin combination a rotatable" spindle,

a rotor substantially balanced aboutr itscentre of rotation, bearinginiembers:having interengaging curved bearing surfacesrespective,-l

fly, carried by the spindle and the rotor, the K -curvatureof the surface of each of these beary ving members being. such as to coincidel'with L surface of .a spherewhose centre `lies on the spindle axis, rotation being'transmittedvv from the spindle to the rotor by frictionqbetween the curved bearing. surfaces, meansv for causing slip between the engaging bearing Y surfaces such that in the levent of angular dis- Y placement of the Vspindle the' rotor williiot .i

be constrained to maintain its axis coincident with the spindleA axis but the rotor axis willV be ableto oscillate about the bearing centre,l

eesv

an arm Aextending from the rotor soas *toV be coincident with the rotor axis, a mark .disv posed infixed relation to the spindle axis, the movements of the arm in relation tothe mark indicating deflections of the rotor axis about the bearing centre and 'relatively to the spindle axis, acasing enclosing tliepapparatus and having a conical part within -whiclilies the end portion of the varm.` projecting from `the rotor, a windowY closing the outer end of the j conical part, and an antifriction device car-- ried towards the end of the indicator arm and adapted Vto make Contact Vwith the vconical 'part in the event of execessive oscillations-of` the rotor axis relatively tothe spindle axis. l

Y 7 Y'A deection or' deviationindicator including in combination a rotatable spindle, a

rotor substantially'balanced about its centre of rotation, .bearingmembers having interengaging curvedbearing surfaces respectivecurvature'of the surfaceV of Aeach VOf'these bearing members beingrsucli `as to coincide "ly carried by thespindle and the rotor, theV l with the surface of a sphere whose centrelies j' on the spindle axis, rotation being transniity ted from the spindle 'to the rotor by friction .i between the curved bearing surfaces, acasing mainly spherical in formenclosing 'the end ofthe spindle and the rotor thereon, a bear- 'l ing in `one side of the 'casing for the spindle, Y vanesjmounted substantially zradially on'the rotor with their outer edges lying clear of the f `inner surface of the casing, these vanes being Vconstructedand` arranged'so that fluid; Y@ tion thereon will restrainA the rotor froni 'ro-l Vtating at the same speed asthe spindle, whileU not impeding oscillationof the rotor axisl abouttlie bearing centrea window inthe cas; r

fing, vonefor Vmore .locatingV marks onzthe `-win-` dow, and an indicator carriedby tlierotor in such a 'position that itvwill cooperate v'vit-hV l the fixed. marksonthe casingwindow and ing'` :dicate deflections of the'` rotor' axis relatively -to .the spindle aXis.-

u v8.4%;defleetionor rotonsubstantially balanced about its centre of 'i ii'itation;V bearing 'members having .inter-V bearing ineinbersy being such.' as tof coincide --With the surface of a sphere Whose'centre-lies on the spindle, aXis g rotation lbeing:.'transvinitted freni lthe spindle tothe frot'oi `friction -Qbetiveeny fthe `'curved n bearingav surfaces, means for-causing: slip between tlife engaging fbearingfsuriaces sucli-t'hatin tlie'ievent ot an- "gular gdispl'acenient f of xthe. ,spindle ztlie 1. 5rotor Willffiiot; beconstrained to; maintain Afits :axis

"coincident with the spindle l-aiisf but .the rotor asis Willgbe ableitef oscillate abouttlie'f-bearing centre?, a casing Yenelos'ing-"theg apparatus,

. al bearingfin one side :of :the-f casingloir the rotatable spindle, and' rneansioi-Q supporting Y l the casing so: that itL is. angularlyadjnstable curvature olthe si'irfaceof each of these/bean y occurred. j r f Y i l Y Y y. www A deflection or .deviationiindicator Ein-l f: 'eluding .in combination a reta-table'. spindle,1 Vagrotor substantiallyv balanced` about its: Cen- 'tre' Vof rotation, bearing .ineinbers'liaviiig inl terengaging curved bearing? surfaces respicc' tively carried by the 'spindleand (the iotoilv `i the curvature/oi the surface. ofeacliofjtliese c about an` axis ypei-pendieul'ar to 'tli'e VTeta-tienal axis-f. the rotor. f Y y Y* c 9*."A11d'eiiection .on :deviation-iiidieator iiicluding in :combinationfarotatable spindle;l a. rotor YVsubstantially' balanced about fits. centre of' rotation", `vbearing vmembers y:li-favinzcg linterengagi-ng cur-ved bearing surfaces respective ly carried by the spindle'. and thetm'itor, the

:ing members being'siicli'nas -to coincide with :the surface of a; sphere .Whosercentreilies on u Ythe spindle axis, rotation* being transmitted .from the :spindle lto fthe rotor by'"friction*between the 'curved -jbea-i'ingsura'ces; ineans" '0.13

` causing slip i-Fbetween tlie vbeair-ing' surfaces such that" in the event? of :angulardis -1v placement of the,spindle:.thea'i'oteijviwA not be censtrained[te maintain itsf-axisfeoincid nt with :the/spindleV 1axis but the' rei-tor.y 'axis will be able toi oscillatevaboutf the 'b Baring; cen-tre, Aandy means forfconstrainingwthe axesro'nthe rotor and spindle Ito'retiiriri to. substantial coincidence -When deflection o'fthe-'rotonaxis has bearing meinbeisbeingsucli as Vtocoincide i Y i Y- Witlithe "surface of a 'sphere' Whose centre'ljies fcn the; spindle'y axis; 'rotation be"ing:trans-` init-ted froii the 'spindle ,to' the iotofr 'by Vric- `Ytion between f Vtlie Ycurvedzfbeairing'y surface@V ijm'eafnslfor causing slprbetvverifthe engaging 2 bearingsiiirfaces such th t in theeveiitj-'of aiil filthexspinfdlef he roter will notglbeaoonstrained to@ "inta-n itsf'axis deviation'v indicator' in-y cludingincombinatien 'a rotatable spindle, a

engaging V.curved bearing surfaces -respeelr tively carried 4by' the. spindle jandithe motor, the curvature'ol: .the surface o'eachn these` bearing `:"ce'ntie,` yand nieans f :fori constraining oscillations of the; rotor 'aXi s relatively to' the' spindle axisinone plane'vvherebyf increased deectiono thisffaxis Vtends to take place' in aplane 'at right angles -toithat'fin which they constraint is'eexerted. Y

`lll.- Lideflection er@deviation indicator'iii cliiding `in'.combination y"a rotatable i spindle,L

a rotor substantially: balanced. about its centre lot rotation,t bearinginembers having` 'Y tei-engaging curved-fbearing'surfaces respec-V tively carried by ithet spindle and' tlie'iotor, the curvaturesofthe suirf-aceof ea'oli'ofthese bearing members being such VasV to coincide With'itlie :surifaceiofa spliere` ivliose centre lies on the 'spindl-elaxisyiotation being'trans'initted from the.'spindle-1to tli'erotor by friction 5%-,

tween vtheV curved: bearing surfaces, means for causing slipfbetweenwtlie engaging' bearing surfaces such that in the event oi angular-dis-j placement of thespindle'thefrotorWilli-not be .censtrai ned toi finaintain. rits zaxis coincident withl` the f spindle axisi but the rotor "aXisf'iWillbe able toYoscillateaboirtfrtliebeaming centre, l :inea-ns for fconstrainin-g oscillationslof:the icoton-axis..i'elativelyfto=tlieifspindleaxis in'jone I i fplagne whereby increased .jdfefieetionVl of)r this :axis i tends; tortake pl'ace Iin planeiatl rightfaii-V glesito 'thatr-inWh-i'ch the@eenstraint` isexerted',

l`aiid1 'inea-ns lfor*exerting a restraint on ther 'creased 'deflections "of thenrotor. airis thus: produced.

Y f :12. V A l deflection.' or1-'deviation-in dicatorlinfcliifliiig Yain coinbiiiatoin` ai rotatable spiiidle,

,. a rotorsubstanth lly .'balanced'zab out itsicentre :'of- "rotationybearing vnienfibers lifaviiigfintei'- Y eirgagingn fcurvedf. 'bearing ysurfaces :resp'eol tively vcarried" by itheIzs-pindle jandthex Irotor,

.the curvatura ofvthefxsunface i ot Aeach orf@ A.these 'bearing,nieiu'lzxers"beinb uchg-'a's yto"connai-ale Vwith 'tbesuracefefia s here Whoselcentne lies Jon @the 'spindles axis7 fret-ation nbeing- .lV-transiiiiitted' frein' lthe spindlejte therotorfbyfric-fi.

tionf between 'the curved bearing 1. surfaces, means for causing slip between ythe':enlz'gfaging bea-ring surfaces :such thatni'ii" tlieevent of'AY Y* Y Ztoin'otgbe constrained stof isncai'ntainits Vaxis coincident Vthe;spindler axiszbiitthe rot-orf axis will '-'be'f i le.

abeariiigfinftlielcasinzgfor this rotatzdi'l-e'ispiii-. Vdie/a franiewniounted" ritliirithe casing,"iiiii-n-v ame fenigagedbyth 's arm', .mating thsjnioveineiits fof the? TMH@ ifetoriaxi'slaboutthebeaaingacentre.1Q

Vchi-din i133 A kdei evti'itioi-i on deviatieiifindicator; j iaco'mbination afrotatab'lefspindle, Y

angularidispilacementifo .the spindle.the;re`

Y Jorf'escill'ate abouit'itlie, @bearingI centre; casing. :enclosing zthez'roton'` rotor substantially balanced about its centre of rotation, bearing members having interengaging curved bearing surfaces respective ly carried by the spindle andthe rotor, the curvature of the surface of each of these bearf ing members being such as to coincide with i the surface cfa sphere whose centre. lies on the spindle axis, rotation being transmitted from the spindle to the rotor by friction between the curved bearing surfaces, means for causing slip between the engaging bearing` surfaces such that in theevent of angular displacement of the spindle the rotor will not be constrained to Amaintain its axis coincident with the spindle axis but the Vrotor axis will be able to oscillate about the bearing centre, a member lying adjacent to the surfaces of the bearing members and carried by and movable on the axis of rotation of one of the ro-A tating members, and means whereby this movable member can be pressed into contactwith the inner surface of the casing, these vanes 'l being constructed and arranged sothat fluid action-thereon will restrain the rotor from while not impeding oscillation of therrotor on the window, an indicatorcarried by the rotor in such a position' that vit will cooperate withthe fixed marks on the casing windowiand indicate deflections-of the vrotor axis relatively to the spindle axis, and meanswhereby the axes of therotor and spindle may `be constrained to return to substantial coincidence rotating at the same speed as the spindle t when deflection of the rotor axis has: oc- ,v

curred.

In testimonyrwhereof I have signed .my l

name to this specification.

JOHN PoLLooKBRowN. Y

the bearing surface which lies opposite to it 'for the purpose set forth.

14. A deflection or deviation indicator inf cluding in combination a rotatable spindle, a rotor substantially balanced about its centre of rotation, bearing members having interengaging. curved bearing surfaces respectivethe surface of a sphere whose centre lies on the spindle axis, rotation being transmitted from the spindle to the rotor by friction between the curved bearing surfaces, means whereby slip is caused to occur between the engaging bearing surfaces such that in the Y loe event of angular displacement of the spindle the rotorwill not be constrained to maintain its axis coincident with the spindle axis but the bearing centre, a rod mounted to slide .the rotor axis will be able to oscillate about within the rotatable spindle one end of this c Y rod lying adjacent to the interengaging bearing surfaces, and with a rounded part disposed at the end of the rod and adapted tol be pressed into'engagement with the bearing surface which lies opposite to it for the purpose set forth. Y

l5. A deflection or'deviation indicator including in combination a rotatable spindle, a rotor substantially balanced about its centre of rotation, bearing members having` interengaging curved bearing surfaces respective-V ly carried by the spindle and the rotor, the curvature of the surface of each of these bearing Amembers being such as to coincide with Y the surface of a sphere whose centre lies on the spindle axis, rotation being transmitted from the spindle to the' rotor by ,friction between the curved bearing surfaces, a

casing mainly spherical in form enclosingA the end of the spindle and the rotor thereon, n

, vanes mounted substantially radially-on the :rotor with their outer edges lying clear vof l Yne 

